Calcination is the thermal treatment of solid compounds, such as mixed carbonate ores, whereby the compound is raised to high temperatures without melting with a limited supply of ambient oxygen (i.e. the gaseous O2 portion of the air), usually to remove impurities or volatile substances and/or caus

The adjacent diagram depicts a typical water-cooled surface condenser used in power stations to condense exhaust steam from steam turbines driving electrical generators, among other applications. [2][3][4][5] There are many variations in manufacturing designs depending on the manufacturer, size of t

Surface condensers are water-cooled shell-and-tube heat exchangers used to condense waste steam from steam turbines in thermal power stations. [1][2][3] These condensers are heat exchangers that convert vapor from a gaseous state to a liquid state at subatmospheric pressure. Where the supply of cool

In the Old World, the first metals to be smelted were tin and lead. The earliest known cast lead beads were found at the site of Çatalhöyük in Anatolia (Turkey) and date to around 6500 BC, but the metal may have been known earlier. [citation needed]Since this discovery occurred thousands of years be

Smelting is the process of heating ore to extract base metals. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract a variety of metals from ore, including silver, iron, copper and other base metals. Smelting uses heat and chemical reducing agents to break down ore, expel other elements

Since the principle of medium frequency induction heating is electromagnetic induction, and its heat is generated in the workpiece itself, ordinary workers can carry out continuous work of forging task ten minutes after working with medium frequency electric furnace, and there is no need for professional workers to burn and seal the furnace in advance. There is no need to worry about the waste of heated blanks in the coal furnace caused by power failure or equipment failure.