The electric arc is the heat source in the electric arc furnace, which determines the thermal conditions in the furnace. Due to the characteristics of the arc itself, it determines the electrical characteristics of the electric arc furnace equipment. This in turn determines all aspects of electric arc furnace steelmaking.

Electric arc steelmaking furnace takes electric energy as the main energy. The electric energy generates high temperature above 2000 ~ 6000 ℃ through the discharge arc between graphite electrode and furnace charge, and melts the scrap raw material in the way of arc radiation, temperature convection and heat conduction. In most of the time when the charge melts, the high-temperature heat source is surrounded by the charge