The electric arc is the heat source in the electric arc furnace, which determines the thermal conditions in the furnace. Due to the characteristics of the arc itself, it determines the electrical characteristics of the electric arc furnace equipment. This in turn determines all aspects of electric arc furnace steelmaking.

Blast furnace cement refers to the cement made of blast furnace slag. Slag, also known as granulated blast furnace slag, is a glassy material formed when the slag melted by blast furnace ironmaking is quenched without crystallization. Its main components are calcium oxide, silicon oxide and alumina. It has high potential activity. Under the action of activator, it can be combined with hydration to form hydraulic cementitious material.