Electric furnace steelmaking​ mainly uses arc heat. In the arc action zone, the temperature is as high as 4000 °C. The smelting process is generally divided into a melting period, an oxidation period and a reduction period. In the furnace, not only an oxidizing atmosphere but also a reducing atmosphere can be created, so the efficiency of dephosphorization and desulfurization is very high.

Electric arc steelmaking furnace takes electric energy as the main energy. The electric energy generates high temperature above 2000 ~ 6000 ℃ through the discharge arc between graphite electrode and furnace charge, and melts the scrap raw material in the way of arc radiation, temperature convection and heat conduction. In most of the time when the charge melts, the high-temperature heat source is surrounded by the charge